Mali, Africa’s third-largest gold producer, has created a special law-enforcement unit to tackle illegal mining carried out by both local and foreign operators.
The new unit, called the Brigade spéciale des mines, was approved during a government cabinet meeting on March 12, 2026. Authorities say the task force will strengthen oversight of the country’s mining and quarrying sectors, which are central to Mali’s economy.
Unlike previous monitoring efforts, the brigade will have judicial powers. This means officers will be able to conduct inspections, enforce mining laws, seize equipment used in illegal operations, and pursue legal action against offenders involved in unauthorized gold extraction or mineral trafficking.
Illegal mining has remained a persistent challenge in Mali despite reforms introduced since 2020. Authorities say problems such as unregulated gold panning, smuggling, and the use of hazardous chemicals continue to cause environmental damage and loss of government revenue.
Gold is Mali’s most important export, generating the majority of the country’s export earnings. Much of the gold produced in the country is shipped to international refining and trading hubs such as Switzerland, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates.
The country hosts several large industrial mines operated by international companies. Major sites include the Fekola mine run by B2Gold and the Loulo-Gounkoto complex operated by Barrick Gold. Other notable mining operations include Sadiola, Morila, and Yatela.
Mali’s annual gold production has exceeded 60 tonnes in recent years, making it one of Africa’s leading producers. Alongside industrial mining, the country also has a large artisanal mining sector, which provides income for thousands of people in rural communities.
The government says the creation of the new enforcement brigade is also aimed at addressing environmental concerns. Informal mining activities often involve chemicals that can contaminate water sources and farmland, posing risks to public health and agriculture.
The move comes at a time of strong global demand for gold. Worldwide consumption surpassed 5,000 tonnes in 2025, with prices reaching record levels. As interest in mineral resources grows, governments across Africa are increasingly tightening regulations to protect revenues and ensure environmental compliance.
