Morocco’s Al Massira Reservoir Diminishes in Satellite Images, Highlighting Drought Crisis
Satellite images analyzed by the BBC reveal alarming trends in Morocco, particularly concerning the depletion of the country’s second-largest reservoir, the Al Massira Dam. Located between Casablanca and Marrakesh, the dam’s water levels have drastically declined, with only 3% of its average capacity remaining compared to nine years ago. This concerning situation stems from six consecutive years of drought compounded by the effects of climate change, resulting in record temperatures that accelerate evaporation rates.
The satellite imagery illustrates a dramatic transformation in the landscape, with once-green areas now appearing parched and beige. Hydrogeologist Prof. Brian Thomas, who analyzed the images, noted significant changes in the reservoir’s surface area and water quality, indicative of shifts in land use and river flow patterns.
The impact of the drought extends beyond Al Massira, affecting water supplies and agriculture nationwide. Agriculture, which consumes nearly 90% of water resources in Morocco, has been severely impacted, leading to economic strain for farmers like Abdelmajid El Wardi. El Wardi, who cultivates cotton and wheat, has faced substantial losses due to the drought, with livestock suffering from lack of water and food.
The scarcity of water has also prompted measures to conserve resources, such as the closure of public steam rooms and saunas to save water. Additionally, a national campaign has been launched to promote water conservation, reflecting the government’s efforts to address the crisis.
In response to the water scarcity, Morocco is investing in seawater desalination plants. However, these facilities pose environmental challenges due to their energy-intensive operations and the discharge of concentrated saltwater and chemicals into the sea.
Experts attribute the water crisis to diminishing water sources, including the Oum Er-Rbia River, which feeds the Al Massira Dam. Reduced inflow from the river, coupled with disappearing springs and reduced snowfall in the Middle Atlas mountains, has exacerbated the situation.
Climate change exacerbates the frequency and intensity of droughts in Morocco, as evidenced by rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. Geographer Dr. William Fletcher warns that Morocco must adapt to more frequent droughts, as global climate change continues to impact the region.
The dire situation facing Morocco underscores the urgent need for sustainable water management practices and proactive measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on water resources.
