Mass Migration as M23 Rebels Close in on Goma in Eastern DR Congo

As clashes intensify between the Congolese army and the M23 armed group in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), thousands of people are fleeing the violence, seeking refuge from the escalating conflict. The M23 fighters reportedly surrounded the strategically significant town of Sake on Wednesday, a crucial step in advancing towards Goma, the capital of North Kivu. The potential capture of Sake would deal a logistical blow to the Congolese soldiers, who, along with United Nations peacekeepers, are struggling to contain the M23’s advance.

Reports indicate that heavy fighting between soldiers and M23 rebels has created a dire situation in Sake, prompting residents to evacuate to Goma and surrounding areas. The current control of the area remains unclear, with conflicting reports on whether the army or the rebels are in charge. Thousands of displaced individuals have already arrived in Bulengo, located about 10km west of Goma, with many more en route to escape the ongoing violence.

The M23 rebels launched a major offensive in March 2022, escalating the conflict in a region already plagued by militia violence. Despite a ceasefire brokered by East African regional leaders last year, the situation has deteriorated, leading to increased clashes between rebels, army forces, and self-defense groups. Entire communities in Masisi and Rutshuru territories have been forced to flee to areas they perceive as safer on the outskirts of Goma.

In Goma, a rocket landed near a university on Wednesday, underscoring the potential threat to the city of approximately two million people. The M23 rebels have indicated their intent to target Goma, sparking concerns for the safety of the population. The DRC government has pledged not to let Goma fall into M23 hands, emphasizing its commitment to protecting the city.

The conflict has led to accusations that Rwanda supports the Tutsi-led M23 rebel group, a claim denied by Rwanda, resulting in a diplomatic crisis in the region. Civilians have borne the brunt of the violence, with numerous casualties reported due to bombings and reprisal attacks. Displacement numbers continue to rise, with around 42,000 people displaced from Masisi alone since February 2, according to the UN’s humanitarian office OCHA.

As the situation escalates, concerns about the safety and well-being of the affected population persist. The UN peacekeeping mission in DRC has deployed troops to secure a corridor for those fleeing the conflict. Still, the volatile and fluid nature of the situation adds to the challenges faced by humanitarian organizations and efforts to assist those in need.